Antistatic additives are functional substances that eliminate static electricity hazards by altering the conductivity of oils. Their core mechanisms of action include forming ions to counteract the electric field strength and dissociating charged particles under extreme conditions to enhance conductivity. Adding just 10 ppm can significantly increase the conductivity of gasoline and diesel to over 300 ps/m; for example, adding 5 ppm can increase the conductivity of aviation kerosene to 354 ps/m. According to ASTM D4054-20c, the static dissipation capacity of new antistatic agents should be greater than their static accumulation capacity.
Based on their mode of action, they can be divided into two main categories: hygroscopic and surface-active. Surface-active additives achieve long-lasting antistatic effects through the directional arrangement of polar groups in the molecules. These additives are widely used in the transportation and storage of fuels such as diesel and aviation kerosene. There are industrial products certified to the MIL DTL 83133 military standard, as well as domestically produced products that comply with the YLB 21-2005 standard. Research has also developed novel oil-soluble polyquaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents using polymer segment modification technology. In terms of standards and specifications, the relevant additives must also meet the technical requirements of the national military standard GJB 10144-2021. In 2022, the Civil Aviation Administration of China approved the technical standard CTSO-2C707, applicable to additives such as antistatic agents for civil aviation fuels.
