Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular nanostructures formed by rolling up single or multiple layers of graphite sheets. They possess unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, thus playing multiple roles in materials science and engineering applications.
First, CNTs exhibit excellent electrical conductivity. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can achieve extremely high electron mobility, making them suitable for enhancing the conductivity of conductive polymers, composite materials, or electronic devices. In sensors, supercapacitors, and flexible electronic devices, CNTs are frequently used as highly efficient conductive networks to improve overall performance.
Second, CNTs possess exceptional mechanical properties. Their tensile strength and Young's modulus far exceed those of steel, making them an important filler for reinforcing composite materials. Introducing CNTs into polymer or metal matrices can significantly improve the strength, toughness, and wear resistance of materials while maintaining their lightweight properties. This reinforcing effect is widely used in aerospace, automotive, and structural materials fields.
Furthermore, CNTs also possess excellent thermal conductivity and chemical stability, making them suitable for thermal management materials, energy storage devices, and catalyst supports. In the energy storage field, the high specific surface area and conductive network structure of CNTs make them an ideal additive material for lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. In the environmental and chemical fields, CNTs can be used as catalyst supports or adsorbents for pollutant removal and reaction acceleration.
