The preparation processes of conductive polymers mainly fall into three categories: chemical synthesis, electrochemical polymerization, and doping modification. Chemical synthesis is the most commonly used method, where monomers are polymerized under oxidizing or acidic conditions to form polymer chains. For example, polyaniline can be obtained by oxidative polymerization of aniline in hydrochloric acid medium using ammonium persulfate or potassium permanganate. This method is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and the molecular weight and morphology of the product are easily controlled. Electrochemical polymerization involves applying a voltage to monomers in an electrolyte to form a conductive polymer film on the electrode surface. Polymer films prepared by this method exhibit high uniformity and adhesion, making them suitable for the precision fabrication of electronic devices and sensors.
The processing technology of conductive polymers is equally important. Solution processing, coating, printing, or stretching methods can prepare conductive polymers into films, fibers, or composite materials to meet the application requirements of flexible electronic devices, sensors, and wearable devices. Throughout the process, reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, stirring speed, and solvent selection directly affect the molecular structure, chain regularity, and conductivity of the material. Therefore, precise process control is a core element in obtaining high-performance conductive polymers.
